Articles for legal and healthcare professionals.
Practical writing on certification, Title VI, Section 1557, deposition preparation, and choosing a language services partner, from the team that has been doing this work since 1999.
Reference material
Sourced references, kept current.
Three pages written to be cited. Every figure names the document it comes from and the year of that data, and each page records the date it was last checked against its sources.
- Industry
Language access statistics in the United States: a reference for 2026
Sourced statistics on languages spoken in the U.S., Limited English Proficiency populations, court and healthcare language access, and the federal framework in 2026.
Sources checked - Legal
The State of Court Interpreting in California: 2026
Court interpreting in California in 2026, rebuilt on the Judicial Council workforce study of December 2025: certified languages, shortages, workforce data.
Sources checked - Legal
State-by-state court interpreter certification: a U.S. reference guide
How U.S. court interpreter credentials work: the federal program, five state programs in detail, and how to verify a credential in any jurisdiction.
Sources checked
Latest articles
- Healthcare·7 min read·
Deaf and hard of hearing statistics by state (2024 data)
Census counts of people who are deaf or hard of hearing in every state, how other national figures differ, and where the 250,000 to 500,000 ASL figure really comes from.
Read article - Industry·6 min read·
Hardest languages to learn: the FSI list, checked in 2026
Arabic, Cantonese, Mandarin, Japanese and Korean take 88 weeks. The State Department list most articles cite, checked against the source, with the 2023 changes.
Read article - Industry·7 min read·
Interpreter and translator salary by state (May 2025)
Bureau of Labor Statistics pay and job counts for interpreters and translators in every state, the best-paid metro areas, where they work, and the outlook to 2035.
Read article - Compliance·7 min read·
Language barriers and workplace safety: OSHA rules and data
What OSHA requires when workers do not speak English well, which standards mention language, and what BLS fatality data show about Hispanic and immigrant workers.
Read article - Industry·5 min read·
Languages of the internet: websites by language in 2026
English is the language of 49.5% of websites. Tagalog, Hindi and Haitian Creole, each spoken by more than a million people in U.S. homes, are under 0.1% each.
Read article - Industry·6 min read·
Languages spoken in California and Los Angeles County
The top languages in California and Los Angeles County, how many speakers have limited English, and which languages grew fastest since 2019.
Read article - Industry·7 min read·
Languages spoken in the U.S.: 2024 Census data
All 42 languages and language groups the Census Bureau reports, ranked, with how many speakers have limited English and which languages grew fastest since 2019.
Read article - Compliance·10 min read·
Machine translation accuracy: what 22 studies found
A summary of 22 peer-reviewed studies of Google Translate, ChatGPT and other tools in medical and legal text, plus what HHS, state courts and professional bodies say about using them.
Read article - Industry·6 min read·
The most common language in each state after Spanish
After English and Spanish, Chinese leads in 13 states, German in 7, Vietnamese in 5 and French in 4 plus the District of Columbia. An interactive map and the top three languages in every state.
Read article - Healthcare·10 min read·
Professional vs. ad hoc interpreters: what research shows
Errors of potential clinical consequence were 12% of professional interpreters' errors and 22% of ad hoc interpreters'. A checked summary of 28 studies on interpreters and patient outcomes.
Read article - Industry·6 min read·
Spanish speakers in the U.S. by state: 2024 Census data
How many people speak Spanish at home in every state, what share speak English less than very well, and where Spanish grew fastest since 2019.
Read article - Industry·5 min read·
Translation vs. interpretation: the difference
Translators work on written text; interpreters work live, in speech or sign. The skills, credentials and turnaround differ, and so does what you should book.
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Most requested interpreters
- Spanish in Los Angeles
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- Spanish in San Diego
- Spanish in Orange County
- Spanish in the Inland Empire
- Spanish in Fresno
- Spanish in San Francisco
- Spanish in San Jose
- Spanish in Sacramento
- Spanish in Oakland
- Mandarin in San Jose
- Mandarin in San Francisco
- Mandarin in Oakland
- Armenian in Los Angeles
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- Korean in Los Angeles
- Korean in Orange County
- Russian in Los Angeles
- Tagalog in Los Angeles
- Arabic in Orange County
- Vietnamese in Orange County
- Cantonese in San Diego